James+Madison

=James Madison=

= "As long as the reason of man continues fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different opinions will be formed." -James Madison = = = = Background Knowledge: = Fourth President of the United States

Born in Port Conway, Virginia on March 16, 1751 Died in Montpelier, Virginia on June 28, 1836

Attended the College of New Jersey, which is now known as Princeton Framed the Constitution, also known as the "Father of the Constitution" due to his large role in its creation and ratification Wrote a series of essays called the Federalist with John Jay and Alexander Hamilton, to promote the ratification of the Constitution Assisted in framing the Bill of Rights Married Dolley Payne Todd Madison

=Presidency= Began in March 4, 1809 Ended in March 4, 1817

__Political Party:__ Democratic Republican

__Cabinet:__ Vice-President: George Clinton, then Elbridge Gerry Secretary of the Treasury: Albert Gallatin, then Alexander J. Dallas, then George W. Campbell, then William H. Crawford Secretary of the State: Robert Smith, then James Monroe Secretary of War:William Eustis, then John Armstrong, then James Monroe, then Alexander J. Dallas, then William H. Crawford, then George Graham

__Issues during Presidency:__ -War of 1812 -National Bank-passes second charter -Tariffs on Trade -Internal Improvements -Non-Intercourse Act 1810-against British for imprisoning U.S. sailors, no trade with Great Britain -Hartford Convention- federalists come up with resolutions and amendments considering seceding from the U.S., were repudiated after General Jackson's win in New Orleans against the British, turning the War of 1812 into a U.S. victory. The Federalists party soon was put to an end after this embarrassment.



__First Inaugural:__ "This unexceptional course could not avail against the injustice and violence of the belligerent powers. Int heir rage against each other, or impelled by more direct motives, principles of retaliation have been introduced equally contrary to universal reason and acknowledged law."

-Embargo Act destroyed the economy but now on track to gather more money to end the U.S. debt -tried to stay neutral between the war among Britain and France, but U.S. sailors were being imprisoned which inadvertently involved U.S. by placing trade blocks up on those countries. -hopeful that with the Berlin and Maylin treaties will put an end to the war between British and France

"To hold the union of the States as the basis of their peace and happiness; to support the Constitution, which is the cement of the Union, as well in its limitation as in its authorities, to respect the rights and authorities reserved to the States and to the people as equally incorporated with and essential to the success of the general system;" -Madison's beliefs, overall he pledges to uphold the Constitution

__Second Inaugural:__ "It is composed of a brave, a free, a virtuous, and an intelligent people. Our country abounds in the necessaries, the arts, and the comforts of life." "When the public voice called for war, all knew, and still know, that without them it could not be carried on through the period which it might last, and the patriotism, the good sense, and the manly spirit of our fellow-citizens are pledges for the cheerfulness with which they will bear each his share of the common burden."

-War of 1812 - purpose to encourage the people to keep up the good fight against the British

__Seventh Annual Message:__ "There will probably be some addition to the public debt upon the liquidation of various claims which are depending, and a conciliatory disposition on the part of Congress may lead honorably and advantageously to an equitable arrangement of the militia expenses incurred by the several States without the previous sanction or authority of the Government of the United States."

-discusses debt and tariffs of 1815 - Due to the end of the war tariffs have increased and need to be paid in order to pay off the debt

=Legacy= Was the "Father of the Constitution" and helped write the Bill of Rights, which are the foundations for the American government. During his presidency he understood the need for a National Bank, and was able to act when the nation was going through a crisis.

Works Cited: Information: James Madison First Inaugural (March 4, 1809) James Madison Second Inaugural (March 4, 1813) Seventh Annual Message (December 5, 1815)

http://millercenter.org/president/madison http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/jamesmadison

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